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Cancer$10959$ - перевод на итальянский
![seem to form a pattern]].<ref name="Go Figure: How can you explain cancer clusters?" /> In this randomly generated scatter graph, arcs and patterns appear to exist that have formed only by coincidence.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy illustration.png?width=200 "seem to form a pattern]].<ref name=\"Go Figure: How can you explain cancer clusters?\" /> In this randomly generated scatter graph, arcs and patterns appear to exist that have formed only by coincidence.")
![Cancer [[DALY]]s attributable to 11 Level 2 risk factors globally in 2019.<ref name="10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6"/>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cancer DALYs attributable to 11 Level 2 risk factors globally in 2019.jpg?width=200 "Cancer [[DALY]]s attributable to 11 Level 2 risk factors globally in 2019.<ref name=\"10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01438-6\"/>")
![[[Engraving]] with two views of a Dutch woman who had a tumor removed from her neck in 1689](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clara Jacobi-Tumor.jpg?width=200 "[[Engraving]] with two views of a Dutch woman who had a tumor removed from her neck in 1689")
![Hazard pictogram]] for carcinogenic substances](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg?width=200 "Hazard pictogram]] for carcinogenic substances")
![Symptoms of cancer [[metastasis]] depend on the location of the tumor.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Symptoms of cancer metastasis.svg?width=200 "Symptoms of cancer [[metastasis]] depend on the location of the tumor.")
![X-ray]] showing lung cancer in the left lung](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thorax pa peripheres Bronchialcarcinom li OF markiert.jpg?width=200 "X-ray]] showing lung cancer in the left lung")
![[[University of Florida Cancer Hospital]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UF CancerHospital.JPG?width=200 "[[University of Florida Cancer Hospital]]")
![An invasive [[ductal carcinoma]] of the breast (pale area at the center) surrounded by spikes of whitish scar tissue and yellow fatty tissue](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Breast cancer gross appearance.jpg?width=200 "An invasive [[ductal carcinoma]] of the breast (pale area at the center) surrounded by spikes of whitish scar tissue and yellow fatty tissue")
![An invasive [[colorectal carcinoma]] (top center) in a [[colectomy]] specimen](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colon cancer 2.jpg?width=200 "An invasive [[colorectal carcinoma]] (top center) in a [[colectomy]] specimen")
![A [[squamous-cell carcinoma]] (the whitish tumor) near the [[bronchi]] in a lung specimen](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lung cancer.jpg?width=200 "A [[squamous-cell carcinoma]] (the whitish tumor) near the [[bronchi]] in a lung specimen")
![ductal carcinoma]] in a [[mastectomy]] specimen](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BreastCancer.jpg?width=200 "ductal carcinoma]] in a [[mastectomy]] specimen")
Определение
Википедия
A cancer cluster is a disease cluster in which a high number of cancer cases occurs in a group of people in a particular geographic area over a limited period of time.
Historical examples of work-related cancer clusters are well documented in the medical literature. Notable examples include: scrotal cancer among chimney sweeps in 18th-century London; osteosarcoma among female watch dial painters in the 20th century; skin cancer in farmers; bladder cancer in dye workers exposed to aniline compounds; and leukemia and lymphoma in chemical workers exposed to benzene.
Cancer cluster suspicions usually arise when members of the general public report that their family members, friends, neighbors, or coworkers have been diagnosed with the same or related cancers. State or local health departments will investigate the possibility of a cancer cluster when a claim is filed. In order to justify investigating such claims, health departments conduct a preliminary review. Data will be collected and verified regarding: the types of cancer reported, numbers of cases, geographic area of the cases, and the patients clinical history. At this point, a committee of medical professionals will examine the data and determine whether or not an investigation (often lengthy and expensive) is justified.
In the U.S., state and local health departments respond to more than 1,000 inquiries about suspected cancer clusters each year. It is possible that a suspected cancer cluster may be due to chance alone; however, only clusters that have a disease rate that is statistically significantly greater than the disease rate of the general population are investigated. Given the number of inquiries it is likely that many of these are due to chance alone. It is a well-known problem in interpreting data that random cases of cancer can appear to form clumps that are misinterpreted as a cluster.
A cluster is less likely to be coincidental if the case consists of one type of cancer, a rare type of cancer, or a type of cancer that is not usually found in a certain age group. Between 5% to 15% of suspected cancer clusters are statistically significant.
